Women who have an adverse pregnancy outcome (preterm delivery, small for gestational age, preeclampsia, other hypertensive disorders, and gestational diabetes) need early prevention and long-term clinical care to reduce their lifelong risk of stroke.
Integration of a fall prevention program (comprised of balance and functional exercises and community-engaged health education) in a primary care system has been associated with a significant reduction in the risk of self-reported falls among rural older people.
Psychotropic medications can increase heat vulnerability.
Which one of the following statements about sunscreens is false?
Which one of the following statements about ultraviolet (UV) radiation is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding intimate partner violence (IPV) is false?
Which one of the following statements with respect to posts relating to medical tests on social media platforms made by influencers is false?
Living within 1 to 3 miles of a golf course is associated with an increased risk of parkinson disease.
Virtual yoga classes may be an effective treatment option for chronic low back pain.
Performing a biopsy of the prostate only in men with an elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and visible lesions on MRI could reduce clinically insignificant prostate cancer diagnoses.
All patients with hypertension diagnosed between 18 and 40 years of age should be screened for secondary hypertension.
Which one of the following statements regarding RSV vaccination in adults is false?
A simple home exercise program has no impact on appendicular lean muscle mass among healthy, physically active adults aged 70 years or older.
Consumption of fatty (but not lean) fish is associated with increased risk for coronary heart disease.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of Alzheimer Disease (AD) is false?
Your next patient is a 38-year-old woman. After several years of struggling with obesity, she wishes to address this issue. The patient is healthy, with no known medical conditions. You question your patient about her eating habits and physical activity. She has a very healthy lifestyle. You complete a physical examination. In addition to measuring the patient’s body-mass index, you also measure the patient’s waist circumference.
One of your patients comes to see you in the office for a renewal of her hypertension medications. While there, she asks if she should have a bone mineral density test as many of her friends have started getting them.
Prenatal cannabis use is associated with a greater risk of all the following except:
Compared with animal fat intake, plant-based fat intake is associated with a reduction in overall mortality.
Which one of the following statements regarding climate change, extreme heat and health is false?
Workers exposed to precarious employment are more likely to sustain an injury or illness resulting in lost-time compensation.
In Canada, immigrants and minority ethnic groups have lower odds of being up to date with colorectal cancer screening.
Semaglutide was associated with lower risks for Tobacco Use Disorder (TUD)-related health care measures in patients with comorbid type 2 diabetes and TUD compared with other antidiabetes medications.
An 85-year-old female patient was brought in by her daughter today to discuss her mother’s recent falls in her current residence. This patient lives alone in a house with 2 staircases for the 2 floors and basement. She has fallen multiple times in her house recently. She is experiencing pains in various parts of her body.
Calcium and vitamin D supplements had no effect on all-cause mortality, after more than 20 years of follow-up among postmenopausal women.
Which one of the following statements on energy and macronutrients across the life span is false?
Long-term or heavy mobile phone use is associated with an increased risk of glioma.
In infants with ankyloglossia, lingual frenotomy for optimizing later articulation is supported by current evidence.
Which one of the following statements about nonpharmacologic treatment strategies for treatment-resistant depression is false?
Prescribing dry powder inhalers and soft mist inhalers where appropriate can have an overall reduction of carbon footprint up to ten times compared to meter dosed inhalers.
Pneumococcal conjugate vaccination is associated with lower rates of viral respiratory tract infections in children.
In patients with chronic kidney disease, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension (the kidney-dysfunction triad) the use of an EHR-based algorithm and practice facilitators embedded in primary care to assist providers in delivering guideline-based interventions reduces hospitalization rate at 1 year.
Post-exposure prophylaxis-in-pocket is an HIV prevention strategy targeted to those who have lower frequencies (i.e., 0 to 4) of higher-risk, and typically unanticipated, HIV exposures per year.
Mailing human papillomavirus self-sampling kits is more effective in screening hard-to-reach women than reminder letters for Pap test screening.
One of your patients comes to see you in the office for a renewal of her hypertension medications. While there, she asks if she should have a bone mineral density test as many of her friends have started getting them.
In nursing homes, universal decolonization with chlorhexidine and nasal iodophor leads to a significantly lower risk of transfer to a hospital due to infection than routine care.
Among patients who have transient new-onset atrial fibrillation during a hospitalization for noncardiac surgery or medical illness, about 1/3 of patients will have recurrence within 1 year.
Statins should be the first-line treatment to reduce the risk of pancreatitis in patients with hypertriglyceridemia.
Which one of the following statements about the short-term (8 weeks) cardiometabolic and nutritional effects of omnivorous vs vegan diets in identical twins is false?
Unvaccinated individuals have an almost fourfold higher proportion of post-COVID condition diagnoses compared with those who were vaccinated before infection.
When combined with functional and balance training in older adults, resistance training can reduce the number of falls.
In strongly vaccine-hesitant adults, provision of information on collective benefits reduces hesitancy to a greater extent than information on personal benefit.
Which one of the following statements about breast density is false?
Time-restricted eating, in the absence of other interventions, results in more weight loss than eating throughout the day.
Which one of the following statements about physical exercise in those with schizophrenia is false?
Human papillomavirus vaccination is associated with an increased risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome.
Annual low-dose CT screening has been recommended in adults 50 to 80 years of age who have a 20 pack-year smoking history.
Which one of the following statements about ulcerative colitis is false?
Over 90% of diagnoses of esophageal adenocarcinoma are made while investigating patients with alarm symptoms.
Which one of the following statements about sunscreen use is false?
Intensive lifestyle promotion including increasing weekly physical activity and meal preparation/portion sizing with help of a health coach at primary care clinics leads to a significantly higher proportion of patients losing 10% body weight at 24 month follow up.
In adults aged 50 years and older vitamin D supplementation (2000 IU/d) reduces the incidence of depression.
Opportunistic screening for atrial fibrillation in primary care patients aged 65 and over results in increased detection.
Which one of the following statements about insect repellents is false?
In patients with leg edema and recurrent cellulitis, compression therapy, results in a lower incidence of recurrence of cellulitis.
Your next patient is 28 years old and new to your family practice. He has no known medical problems and considers himself healthy. During your visit, he confirms that he has sex with other men (MSM). You question the patient’s HIV risk and after careful assessment, you consider that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is indicated. The patient has never heard of PrEP and is unsure if it could be useful.
In secondary prevention, the Mediterranean diet is superior to the low-fat diet in preventing major cardiovascular events.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) is false?
Childhood cardiovascular risk factors are associated with cardiovascular events in midlife.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of constipation in children is false?
Which one of the following statements about constipation in children is false?
Vaccination with the Pfizer vaccine in children 5 to 11 years of age provides moderate protection against symptomatic Covid-19, since the omicron variant became dominant.
Maternal vaccination with two doses of mRNA vaccine against Covid-19 is associated with a reduced risk of hospitalization among infants younger than 6 months of age.
In families at high risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, which one of the following statements is false?
Which one of the following statements about the treatment to achieve smoking cessation is false?
When counseling patients about weight gain prevention, limiting the frequency of large meals is more beneficial than time-restricted eating.
Nicotine consumption using only e-cigarettes is associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction compared with traditional cigarette smoking.
Which one of the following is false regarding recent (since 2021) updates to Canadian clinical practice guidelines?
Which one of the following statements regarding SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is false?
Which one of the following statements about vaccinations in patients receiving cancer therapy is false?
Fruit and vegetable prescription programs provided to individuals at metabolic risk who are from low-income neighborhoods or are food insecure, improves all of the following except:
Isometric exercise training is more effective than aerobic exercise training in reducing systolic blood pressure.
In patients with a BMI between 30 and 50 kg/m2, time-restricted eating without calorie counting is as effective as a weight loss strategy as calorie counting.
Moderate consumption of coffee is associated with a reduced risk of cognitive disorders.
More than 10% of all lung diseases are attributed to occupational exposures.
Varenicline is effective for increasing the vaping cessation rate in adults who use electronic cigarettes.
Among current cigarette smokers in Canada, cannabis use is associated with high-risk alcohol consumption.
The treatment of tobacco dependence with a brief negotiation interview in the emergency department can increase the rate of abstinence at 3 months.
Remote occupational exposure to trichloroethylene in drinking water may increase the risk of Parkinson disease.
Patients with polycystic ovary syndrome have routine screening for the following comorbidities except:
Which one of the following statements about the Canadian Task on Preventive Health care guideline regarding the prevention of fragility fractures by screening in people of average risk is false?
Among healthy children born at term, not being infected with RSV in the first year of life was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing childhood asthma.
In adults with prediabetes, vitamin D supplementation reduces the risk of progression to type 2 diabetes.
Among resettled refugees in Canada, those in the government-assisted pathway were more likely to receive adequate prenatal care than privately sponsored refugees.
Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis taken within 72 hours after condomless sex decreases incident gonorrhea, chlamydia, and early syphilis among men who have sex with men and transgender women who have had bacterial STI in the previous year.
Which one of the following statements about vaccination in pregnancy to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) illness in infants is false?
Aerobic exercise intervention reduces the incidence of gestational hypertension among pregnant women.
Which one of the following statements about long-term health risks in adult survivors of childhood cancer is false?