A 55-year-old man presents to the emergency department with his usual chronic back pain from a prior motor vehicle accident. There are no red flag features for back pain. He is requesting an early refill of his immediate-release oxycodone. He has been prescribed extended-release and immediate-release oxycodone for several years. This is his fifth presentation requesting an early refill. You suspect opioid use disorder (OUD).
Janus kinase inhibitors can cause a dose-dependent increase in lipid levels following initiation of treatment.
Which one of the following statements regarding the effectiveness of drug interventions to prevent delirium after surgery for older adults false?
In individuals with primary hypertension there is no difference between ARBs and ACEIs in all-cause mortality.
Macrolides likely reduce severe exacerbations and improve asthma control regardless of type 2 inflammation asthma status or severity.
Deprescribing interventions are associated with small but statistically significant reductions in medication burden among community-dwelling older adults with polypharmacy
Vaginal progesterone should be used for prevention of spontaneous preterm birth in all women with prior spontaneous preterm birth.
Which one of the following statements about vaccinations is false?
Among patients who had successful catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation at least 1 year earlier and had risk factors for stroke, treatment with rivaroxaban results in a significantly lower incidence of a composite of stroke, systemic embolism or new covert embolic stroke than treatment with aspirin.
You see a 21-year-old cisgender woman in your outpatient clinic. She has heard about HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and requests a prescription.
In hospitalised patients with asthma exacerbation, using the blood eosinophil count to determine the duration of systemic corticosteroid therapy was non-inferior to usual care in preventing treatment failure.
Among patients with chronic coronary syndrome after stenting at high atherothrombotic risk who were receiving an oral anticoagulant, the addition of aspirin led to a higher risk of cardiovascular death.
Which one of the following statements about drugs past their expiration date is false?
For immunocompetent adults with community acquired pneumonia who are clinically stable outcomes are inferior with a 3-to-5-day course of antibiotics compared to a longer duration.
Canagliflozin is associated with improved cardiovascular mortality in frail patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
In adults with venous thromboembolism (VTE) after the occurrence of a transient provoking factor, but who have at least one enduring risk factors (e.g., autoimmune disorders, chronic lung disease, or obesity), extending the initial 3-month treatment with apixaban an additional 12 months, 2.5 mg twice daily results in a lower risk of symptomatic recurrent VTE than placebo.
Among patients with acute atrial fibrillation for whom acute rhythm control is a safe option, vernakalant is more effective than procainamide.
Haloperidol is not associated with an increased risk of mortality.
You are a community family physician heading into a meet and greet appointment with your new patient, a 56-year-old male. His vital signs are: BP 155/97 mm Hg, heart rate 84 bpm and regular, weight 95 kg and height 175 cm. Calculated BMI is 31 kg/m2. He states his past medical history is benign. He endorses smoking 10 cigarettes per day and consumes 2 beers per day.
A 37-year-old woman presents with recurrent headaches. The headaches occur once or twice a week. She describes them as very painful, pounding, and always on one side of the head, accompanied by sensitivity to light and sound. She is otherwise healthy and uses only ibuprofen, which provides partial relief. She has never tried other abortive medications. The headaches last 5–7 hours, improve in a dark room, and have occurred about twice a week for several years, significantly affecting her quality of life. Physical examination shows no neurological deficits or other abnormalities. You diagnose her with episodic migrane, you discuss treatment options with her. She is interested in preventive therapy.
Which one of the following treatments has not been shown to be an effective treatment for fibromyalgia?
In patients with obesity, but without diabetes, treatment with tirzepatide is superior to treatment with semaglutide with respect to reduction in body weight.
In adult patients with subclinical hypothyroidism with a thyrotropin level between 5 mIU/L and 10 mIU/L, levothyroxine treatment was associated with a reduced risk of adverse renal outcomes when compared with no treatment.
In adult patients 45 or older with established atherosclerotic heart disease, a BMI≥27 and without type 2 diabetes, pharmacotherapy with semaglutide 2.4 mg weekly reduces the risk of major adverse cardiovascular events.
Fecal microbiota transplantation is noninferior to oral vancomycin for patients with a first episode of Clostridioides difficile infection.
Which one of the following statements about inappropriate sexual behaviour in persons with dementia is false?
Which one of the following statements about Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is false?
In adults with inadequately controlled Type 2 diabetes treated with dulaglutide, switching to tirzepatide is more effective than dose escalation in reducing HbA1c.
Which one of the following statements regarding adverse effects of drugs for open-angle glaucoma is false?
Which one of the following statements about the prescribing of transdermal fentanyl for chronic pain is false?
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of neuropathic pain is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding angioedema is false?
Use of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate is associated with a greater relative risk of meningioma diagnosis.
Among children with gastroenteritis-associated vomiting, the provision of ondansetron after an emergency department visit leads to lower risk of moderate-to-severe gastroenteritis during the subsequent 7 days.
A 55-year-old female patient is at your office today complaining of recurrent episodes of left facial pain in the trigeminal nerve area over the past month. Her pain lasts up to 2 minutes and is severe in intensity. She describes the pain as electrical shock-like, shooting, stabbing, and sharp in quality. You have diagnosed her as likely having trigeminal neuralgia.
Among participants with acute coronary syndrome who could be treated by drug coated balloon angioplasty exclusively, a stepwise dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) de-escalation is non-inferior to 12-month DAPT for net adverse clinical events.
Extended anticoagulation with reduced-dose apixaban (2.5 mg twice daily) is noninferior to full-dose apixaban (5 mg twice daily) for the prevention of recurrent venous thromboembolism in patients with active cancer.
In patients with AF and stable CAD, oral anticoagulation monotherapy, when compared with oral anticoagulation plus single antiplatelet therapy, is associated with a statistically significant increased risk of ischemic events.
Which one of the following statements about Kounis Syndrome (KS) (allergic angina) is false?
In patients with an appendicolith on pre-intervention imaging, appendectomy compared to antibiotic treatment leads to an equal risk of complications by one year.
In low-risk patients, an oral challenge can safely be used to remove an incorrect label of penicillin allergy.
Which one of the following statements about treatment of genital warts is false?
Which one of the following statements comparing the triple inhalers budesonide-glycopyrrolate-formoterol (Breztri) and fluticasone-umeclidinium-vilanterol (Trelegy) in COPD is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding health professionals’ decision-making when choosing which inhaler to prescribe for asthma to reduce carbon emissions is false?
In older patients with diabetic neuropathy, postherpetic neuralgia, or fibromyalgia, treatment with gabapentin is associated with increased fall-related inpatient or outpatient visits compared to treatment with duloxetine.
A 40 year-old female presents with concerns of an urge to move both legs at night. She experiences it at least twice a week and it causes her severe insomnia. She is otherwise healthy. You diagnose her with restless leg syndrome (RLS).
In patients with gout initiating urate-lowering therapy, gout flare prophylaxis with colchicine is associated with a lower rate of cardiovascular events for up to the next 180 days compared with no prophylaxis.
In patients 40 years or older with chronic liver disease and a baseline Fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) score of 1.3 or higher, statin use is significantly associated with a reduced risk of incident hepatocellular carcinoma.
Which one of the following statements about treatment of haemophilia is false?
Long-term vs short term inhaled corticosteroid use for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with significantly greater rates of the composite outcome of type 2 diabetes, cataracts, pneumonia, osteoporosis, and nontraumatic fracture; recurrent pneumonia; and recurrent fracture.
Candesartan is effective for prevention of episodic and chronic migraines.
Which one of the following outcomes at one year is associated with emergency department opioid prescriptions?
Low-dose semaglutide can reduce cravings in alcohol use disorder.
Pregnant women affected by ADHD who were receiving treatment with methylphenidate showed a significantly higher frequency of congenital anomalies or miscarriages compared to the general population.
There is strong evidence for the superiority of ticagrelor over clopidogrel in acute coronary syndrome treatment in North American patients.
A 19-year-old patient with a history of allergic rhinitis is at your office because he is suffering facial pain over his sinuses, fever, and purulent nasal discharge with obstruction of the nasal passages for about 5-7 days. You suspect that he has acute rhinosinusitis.
A 23-year-old male suffers frequently from tonsillitis. You recall that his chart states that he is allergic to penicillin. This is based on what he heard from his mom: when he was around 6 years old, he developed a rash after taking amoxicillin for tonsillitis.
Which one of the following statements about genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding the use of the topical phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor roflumilast in dermatological conditions is false?
The best performing triptans (eletriptan, rizatriptan, sumatriptan, and zolmitriptan) should be considered as preferred acute treatment for migraine.
Which one of the following statements about drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms is false?
When compared to sham acupuncture, acupuncture resulted in less pain in patients with chronic sciatica from herniated disk.
For adult patients experiencing substantial cognitive fatigue more than 3 months postconcussion who have not responded to nonpharmacological treatments, a trial of methylphenidate might be considered.
Zoledronate reduces the incidence of vertebral fractures in early postmenopausal women (50-60 years of age) when administered every five years, during a ten-year period.
You have been providing prenatal care to a 30 year old woman (G1P0). She attends your office for a routine prenatal visit at 22 weeks. Her estimated date of delivery is in November. At the end of her visit she asks about the new vaccine for protecting her infant from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
For the treatment of plaque psoriasis, a combination of calcipotriol (Dovonex) and betamethasone is more effective than betamethasone alone.
Which one of the following statements about the management of peptic ulcer disease is false?
Patients treated with oral anticoagulants for venous thromboembolism are at increased risk of bleeding from a number of sites when using NSAIDs
In individuals aged 40-65 years with moderate-to-severe vasomotor symptoms associated with menopause, treatment with fezolinetant results in each of the following except:
Long-term treatment with finerenone is estimated to extend event-free survival by up to 3 years among people with heart failure with mildly reduced or preserved ejection fraction.
When tirzepatide is used to treat moderate-to-severe sleep apnea in adult obese patients, which one of the following is false?
Which one of the following statements about the pharmacological treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease in infants and children is false?
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of Alzheimer Disease (AD) is false?
You are starting a new position at a student health centre. In preparation for your first shift, you decide to review the current recommendations for the diagnosis and management of chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Which one of the following statements about possible problems with antiseizure medications is false?
Which one of the following statements about superficial venous thrombosis (SVT) is true?
In patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention with a coronary drug-eluting stent, treated with short term dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) ranging from 2 weeks to 3 months, de-escalation to ticagrelor monotherapy reduces the risk of major bleeding without increasing ischemic risk compared with 12 months of DAPT.
Laughter exercise, four times a day, is non-inferior to 0.1% sodium hyaluronic acid, four times a day, in improving dry eye disease symptoms and clinical signs.
Which one of the following statements regarding the treatment of migraine is false?
Which one of the following antidepressants is associated with lower six-month weight gain when compared with sertraline.
Oral methotrexate added to usual care significantly reduces knee osteoarthritis pain and function at 6 months.
Which one of the following statements about topical anti-inflammatory treatments for eczema is false?
When used to relieve dyspnea due to heart failure in inpatients, morphine is not associated with delirium.
Which one of the following statements regarding inhalers and greenhouse gas emissions (GHG) is false?
In patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, which one of the following statements regarding treatment with oral antidiabetic drugs is false?
Low dose tadalafil is an effective option for the management of symptoms due to benign prostatic hyperplasia.
Thiazide-induced hyponatremia is more common in the initial month of treatment compared to one year later.
Vitamin B6 has the best risk-benefit ratio for the treatment of antipsychotic drug-induced akathisia.
Which one of the following statements regarding treatment of bacterial vaginosis with vaginal dequalinium chloride compared to oral metronidazole is false?
A 5-day treatment of acute febrile UTIs in children with oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was non-inferior to a 10-day treatment.
Which one of the following statements about treatment-resistant depression is false?
You are starting a new position at a student health centre. In preparation for your first shift, you decide to review the current recommendations for the diagnosis and management of chlamydia and gonorrhea.
In prospective randomized controlled trials, melatonin shows a trend towards treatment response for nocturia in non neurogenic populations.
Hydrochlorothiazide has a lower risk of causing hypokalemia than indapamide.
Which one of the following statements about direct oral anticoagulants is false?
In patients with low to moderate risk of cardiovascular disease receiving antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, statin therapy lowers the risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event.
Among patients with atrial fibrillation, concomitant use of SSRIs and oral anticoagulants (OACs) was associated with an increased risk of major bleeding compared with OAC use alone.
Among individuals diagnosed with ADHD, medication initiation is associated with significantly lower all-cause mortality.
Which one of the following statements about polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is false?
In premenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections, use of a vaginal probiotic is associated with a lower incidence of recurrent episodes.
Which one of the following statements about subclinical hypothyroidism is false?
Among statin-intolerant patients with diabetes, bempedoic acid reduces the risk of cardiovascular events.
Testosterone treatment in men with hypogonadism decreases the risk of fractures.
Which one of the following statements regarding subclinical atrial fibrillation (AF) in patients with an implanted cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator is false?
Early childhood (before 8 years of age) exposure to doxycycline is associated with dental staining.
At short term follow up (up to 6 months) which one of the following statements is false about pharmacological interventions for symptoms of irritability, aggression and self injury in autistic persons?
Intranasal ketorolac is inferior to intravenous for the treatment of renal colic in adults in the emergency department.
Mortality is decreased in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who do not require respiratory support and are given dexamethasone.
You see an 86-year-old patient who is admitted to the hospital with hypoactive delirium. His head CT is normal and no infectious cause is found. His creatinine level is 130 umol/L (baseline 95 umol/L), the rest of the blood results is unremarkable. He is followed for chronic lumbar pain for which he takes long-acting morphine 30 mg twice a day, the dose has been the same for many years. He also takes verapamil for hypertension. According to his family, he also has a history of recurrent falls, associated with involuntary muscle movements that cause him to fall without warning symptoms. On physical examination, he is irritable and inattentive. You also notice myoclonus without any focal neurological deficits. You suspect opioid-induced neurotoxicity (OIN).
A 25-year-old female presents to your office for follow up on type 2 diabetes which was diagnosed three years ago and has been controlled with diet and lifestyle modifications. She has read online about maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and wonders if she could have this.
Regular daily intake of 4 g acetaminophen increases systolic BP in individuals with hypertension.
Influenza vaccination early after an MI results in a lower risk of all-cause death at 12 months compared with placebo.
Inhaled budesonide improves time to recovery, with a chance of also reducing hospital admissions or deaths, in people with COVID-19 in the community who are at higher risk of complications.
Which one of the following statements about Paxlovid for treatment of COVID-19 infection is false?
Methenamine Hippurate as a preventative treatment for recurrent UTI is non-inferior to current guideline recommended low dose prophylactic antibiotics.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of acne is false?
Treatment with thalidomide results in a reduction of bleeding in patients with recurrent bleeding due to small-intestinal angiodysplasia.
Which one of the following statements regarding the use of non-selective beta blockers in the management of cirrhosis in patients older than 16 is false?
In patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease and BMI of 27 or greater, without diabetes, weekly subcutaneous semaglutide at a dose of 2.4 mg is superior to placebo in reducing the incidence of death from cardiovascular causes, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or nonfatal stroke.
Low-dose amitriptyline is superior to placebo for adequate relief of irritable bowel syndrome.
In the context of traumatic injuries, which one of the following statements about the tranexamic acid (TXA) use is false?
Which one of the following statements about treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is false?
Dry powder inhalers produce a smaller carbon footprint than metered dose inhalers when used for asthma maintenance therapy without loss of asthma control.
Which one of the following statements about the use of adjunctive corticosteroids for the treatment of patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia is false?
In the pharmacologic management of inappropriate sexual behaviour in long-term care residents with dementia, each of the following drugs, alone or in combination, could be considered as first-line agents except:
Which one of the following statements regarding the management of osteoporosis is false?
In adult patients with MRSA bacteremia or pneumonia, vancomycin minimum concentration values greater than 20mg/L are predictive of nephrotoxicity.
After initial benzodiazepine therapy, intravenous levetiracetam is superior to valproic acid for the management of status epilepticus.
Which one of the following statements about naltrexone is false?
Adverse effects of reducing renin-angiotension-aldosterone system inhibitors outweigh the potential harms of hyperkalemia.
There is an association between dementia incidence and estrogen monotherapy in postmenopausal women.
Rivaroxaban is associated with higher gastrointestinal bleeding rates than apixaban regardless of treatment indication.
Among patients with a history of at least 2 depressive episodes or who had been taking antidepressants for two years or longer who feel well enough to discontinue antidepressant therapy, those who stop their medication have a higher risk of relapse than those who maintain their current therapy.
Which one of the following therapies is not recommended for the treatment of cluster headaches?
In patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy who have experienced serious bleeding events, untreated respiratory tract infection is associated with an increased risk of bleeding.
Probiotics reduce the incidence of antibiotic-associated diarrhea.
In afebrile older men with a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI), a 14-day antibiotic course is superior to a 7-day antibiotic course.
Which one of the following antihypertensive medication classes is associated with a reduced risk of developing new onset type 2 diabetes mellitus?
A third dose of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) provides an additional 85% protection against detected SARSCoV-2 infection over and above the reduction in the risk conferred by the first 2 doses.
Which one of the following statements about acute otitis media in children is false?
Which one of the following statements about the use of monoclonal antibody biologics during pregnancy is false?
Which one of the following statements about Paxlovid for treatment of COVID-19 infection is false?
Which one of the following statements about the management of supraventricular tachycardia in children is false?
Which one of the following non-drug treatments for depression have been shown to be the most effective?
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of atrial fibrillation is false?
In children under the age of 2, ibuprofen is more effective than acetaminophen at reducing fever.
In non-diabetic adults with overweight or obesity, once weekly semaglutide plus lifestyle intervention results in each of the following except:
In patients with established cardiovascular disease, there is no significant difference in cardiovascular events between patients taking 81 mg and those taking 325 mg of aspirin daily.
Which one of the following statements about Lyme disease is false?
Which one of the following statements about allergic conjunctivitis is false?
A 35 year-old female patient informs you during her visit that she has breast cancer and will be starting chemotherapy next week. You discuss adjuvant and neoadjuvant treatment with her. According to her, it will be neoadjuvant.
Mr. ZS, a 23-year-old patient, is at your office today because he has been having problems falling asleep for the past 3 months. He reports having difficulty initiating sleep within 60 minutes after he lies down to go to bed. He also experiences frequent awakenings once he falls asleep. Sometimes he wakes up earlier than he wants to and has daytime fatigue and irritability as a consequence. This occurs about at least 3 times per week.
MenQuadfi is the only vaccine available in Canada for use in persons ≥ 56 years old for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitides serogroups A, C, W, and Y.
You see an 86-year-old patient who is admitted to the hospital with hypoactive delirium. His head CT is normal and no infectious cause is found. His creatinine level is 130 umol/L (baseline 95 umol/L), the rest of the blood results is unremarkable. He is followed for chronic lumbar pain for which he takes long-acting morphine 30 mg twice a day, the dose has been the same for many years. He also takes verapamil for hypertension. According to his family, he also has a history of recurrent falls, associated with involuntary muscle movements that cause him to fall without warning symptoms. On physical examination, he is irritable and inattentive. You also notice myoclonus without any focal neurological deficits.
Which one of the following statements about GLP-1 receptor agonists is false?
Patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) who are initiated on apixaban have lower rates for recurrent VTE than those initiated on rivaroxaban.
Which one of the following statements about denosumab treatment for osteoporosis is false?
Which one of the following statements about osteoporosis prevention and treatment is false?
Initiating aspirin use for the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease events in adults 60 years or older has no net benefit.
Which one of the following statements regarding gabapentin for alcohol use disorder is false?
Among older adults undergoing coronary revascularization the type of procedure was not significantly associated with differences in the change of rate of memory decline.
Macrolide use in early pregnancy is associated with an increased risk of major birth defects.
A five-day course of high-dose amoxicillin for community acquired pneumonia in children was associated with non-inferior rates of clinical cure compared with 10 days of high-dose amoxicillin.
Which one of the following statements about colchicine is false?
Which one of the following antithrombotic treatment regimens is recommended for the first month after an acute coronary syndrome in a patient who also has non valvular atrial fibrillation and is not at high risk for bleeding?
Which one of the following statements about the use of medications to treat Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is false?
In people who had previously reported severe muscle symptoms when taking statins, atorvastatin 20 mg daily has no effect on overall muscle symptoms compared with placebo.
Which one of the following statements about semaglutide is false?
Among patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia who are clinically stable, discontinuing β-lactam treatment after 3 days was non-inferior to 8 days of treatment.
Which one of the following statements about Lyme disease is false?
Which one of the following statements about pharmacological treatment for smoking cessation is false?
Naltrexone/bupropion has the highest incidence of adverse effects leading to drug discontinuation of all approved weight-loss drugs.
Which one of the following statements about the use of oral minoxidil for androgenetic alopecia is false?
Which one of the following statements about topical acne treatments is false?
Which one of the following statements about sunscreen use is false?
In patients with hyponatremia due to the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuresis, adding furosemide to fluid restriction improves day 4 serum sodium levels.
For patients aged 75 years old or older, lowering lipids is as effective in reducing cardiovascular disease as it is in younger patients.
Among patients with permanent atrial fibrillation and symptoms of heart failure treated with low-dose digoxin or bisoprolol, there was no statistically significant difference in quality of life at six months.
β-blocker therapy for more than one year is associated with reduced all-cause death among patients undergoing revascularization for acute myocardial infarction without heart failure.
Which one of the following statements about choosing statin treatment is false?
Bamlanivimab, a monoclonal antibody, is authorized for use in patients who require oxygen therapy because of COVID-19.
Which one of the following statements about treatment of bipolar depression is false?
Which one of the following statements about seasonal affective disorder (SAD) is false?
Human papillomavirus vaccination is associated with an increased risk of Guillain-Barre syndrome.
In patients with chronic coronary disease, colchicine 0.5 mg daily significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular events.
Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs is not advised during pregnancy beginning at 20 weeks’ gestation.
Hypertension treatment with a fixed dose quadruple agent (irbesartan, amlodipine, indapamide and bisoprolol) can achieve greater blood pressure lowering as compared to antihypertensive monotherapy at standard doses.
In patients with an initial C. difficile infection episode, treatment with fidaxomicin reduces the risk of recurrence compared to vancomycin.
The Johnson & Johnson COVID-19 Vaccine has been associated with an increased risk of Guillain-Barre Syndrome.
Ginger is an effective antiemetic in children with acute gastroenteritis.
Which one of the following statements is false?
Add-on maintenance treatment with once-monthly injections of tezepelumab can reduce exacerbations in adolescents and adults with severe uncontrolled asthma, irrespective of blood eosinophil levels.
Once-daily dexlansoprazole is more likely to be effective when compared to twice daily use of other proton pump inhibitors.
Which one of the following should not be used in the treatment of tinnitus associated conditions?
Empagliflozin reduces the risk of primary composite outcome events (death from cardiovascular causes or hospitalization for heart failure) in patients with heart failure with a preserved ejection fraction with or without diabetes.
In adults who smoke at least 5 cigarettes per day, extending varenicline from 12 weeks to 24 weeks improves smoking cessation effectiveness at one year.
Which one of the following off-label treatments should not be recommended in the management of alcohol use disorder?
In patients having undergone a lower extremity revascularization procedure, rivaroxaban 2.5 mg BID plus aspirin is superior to aspirin alone in reducing the composite endpoint of acute limb ischemia, major amputation, myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or cardiovascular death.
Shingrix significantly reduces the incidence of herpes zoster in immunocompromised adults.
For patients in the emergency department with severe agitation, intramuscular ketamine resulted in a significantly shorter time to adequate sedation than a combination of intramuscular midazolam and haloperidol.
Which one of the following statements about acamprosate is false?
Which one of the following statements about subacute thyroiditis is false?
Which one of the following statements about Hashimoto thyroiditis is false?
In patients with atrial fibrillation, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are associated with less intracranial hemorrhage risk than vitamin K antagonists.
Which one of the following statements about normally prescribed mifepristone as compared to when it was unavailable in Canada is false?
Which one of the following statements about chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is false?
When used in combination with metformin for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, as compared to sulfonylureas, are associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality.
Which one of the following statements about conditions related to cannabis use is false?
In unvaccinated adults with COVID-19 infection and risk factors for disease progression, treatment with fluvoxamine reduces the risk of hospitalization compared with placebo.
Inhaled budesonide improves time to recovery, with a chance of also reducing hospital admissions or deaths, in people with COVID-19 in the community who are at higher risk of complications.
You are working today at a Community Public Health Clinic and seeing various patients with different contraceptive concerns. Your first patient, an 18 year-old female, is at your office today because she is interested in emergency contraception. She had unprotected intercourse last night.
Anticoagulant discontinuation after beginning home palliative care was associated with higher rates of thrombosis compared with continuing anticoagulation.
Which one of the following statements about statin therapy is false?
Which one of the following statements about proprotein convertase substilin/kevin type 9 (PCSK9) inhibitors is false?
Vitamin D supplementation is associated with a significantly lower incidence of confirmed autoimmune disease.
Intra-articular hyaluronic acid for knee osteoarthritis results in a small, non-clinically important reduction in pain intensity.
Which one of the following statements about gonorrhea is false?
Among patients with rheumatic heart disease–associated atrial fibrillation, vitamin K antagonist therapy leads to a lower rate of a composite of cardiovascular events or death than rivaroxaban therapy, without a higher rate of bleeding.
Which one of the following statements about the management of chronic constipation is false?
Which one of the following statements about drugs for venous thromboembolism (VTE) is false?
Post-exposure prophylaxis with monkeypox vaccination for recently exposed persons is recommended.
Which one of the following statements about ezetimibe is false?
A 25-year-old female presents to your office for follow up on type 2 diabetes which was diagnosed three years ago and has been controlled with diet and lifestyle modifications. She has read online about maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) and wonders if she could have this.
There is a clinically significant increase in the risk of gastric cancer in patients taking a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) compared with those taking H2 receptor antagonists.
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors increase the risk of cholecystitis in patients with type 2 diabetes.
For treatment of moderate to severe acute pain, a combination of an NSAID and acetaminophen may be as effective as an opioid/acetaminophen combination.
For treatment of acute ischaemic stroke, use of tenecteplase results in similar functional outcomes compared to alteplase in patients presenting with acute ischaemic stroke who meet standard criteria for thrombolysis.
Which one of the following statements about chlamydial infections is false?
Intermediate dose low-molecular-weight heparin appears to confer the best balance of benefits and harms for prevention of venous thromboembolism.
Treatment of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma has been shown to reduce hospitalization.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of gastroesophageal reflux disease is false?
Which one of the following statements about bullous pemphigoid due to dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors is false?
SGLT2 inhibitors reduce the risk of serious hyperkalemia in people with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease without increasing the risk of hypokalemia.
Which one of the following statements about alpha blockers in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia is false?
Which one of the following statements about 5α-reductase inhibitors in the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia is false?
In patients with atrial fibrillation and diabetes, which one of the following statements about the hazards of diabetic complications with non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants as compared to warfarin is false?
Which one of the following statements about the combination oral contraceptive containing estetrol and drosipirenone is false?
Regular daily intake of 4 g acetaminophen increases systolic BP in individuals with hypertension.
Methenamine Hippurate as a preventative treatment for recurrent UTI is non-inferior to current guideline recommended low dose prophylactic antibiotics.
Which one of the following statements about chronic urticaria is false?
Vaccination with the Pfizer vaccine in children 5 to 11 years of age provides moderate protection against symptomatic Covid-19, since the omicron variant became dominant.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment to achieve smoking cessation is false?
Influenza vaccination early after an MI results in a lower risk of all-cause death at 12 months compared with placebo.
In patients with COPD and type 2 diabetes, SGLT-2 inhibitors, compared to sulfonylureas, are associated with a reduced risk of severe COPD exacerbations.
Which one of the following statements about the use of oral minoxidil in the treatment of hair loss is false?
Which one of the following is not recommended in the treatment of temporomandibular disorders?
Topical treatments with Vitamin E may be more effective than topical nitrates for treatment of chronic anal fissures in adults.
Which one of the following statements about opioid use is false?
Evening dosing of usual antihypertensives improves major cardiovascular outcomes compared with morning dosing.
When used in the treatment of hypertension in patients 65 or older, chlorthalidone has a lower occurrence of major cardiovascular outcome events or non–cancer-related deaths than hydrochlorothiazide.
Which one of the following statements about topical NSAIDS is false?
Spironolactone is an effective alternative to oral antibiotics for adult women with persistent acne who are not intending to become pregnant.
Which one of the following statements about drugs for treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) is false?
Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are associated with a higher risk of cholecystitis compared with sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors.
Among patients in the ICU with delirium, treatment with haloperidol will lead to a significantly fewer days alive and out of the hospital at 90 days than placebo.
Which one of the following statements about gout is false?
Which one of the following is a common feature of Parkinson Disease?
Allopurinol in patients aged 60 years or older with ischaemic heart disease, but no history of gout, reduces adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
For patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke, 90-day functional outcome following treatment with dual antiplatelet therapy is non-inferior to intravenous alteplase.
Initial treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with catheter cryoballoon ablation is associated with a lower incidence of persistent atrial fibrillation over 3 years of follow-up than initial use of antiarrhythmic drugs.
Which one of the following statements about alcohol-associated hepatitis is false?
Which one of the following statements about the management of febrile neutropenia is false?
In women with a history of venous thromboembolism, weight-adjusted intermediate-dose low molecular-weight heparin during the combined antepartum and post-partum periods is associated with a lower risk of recurrence than fixed low-dose low-molecular-weight heparin.
Which one of the following statements regarding buprenorphine use and opioid use disorder is false?
In treatment resistant depression, the antidepresskant effect of intravenous ketamine is prolonged when combined with a computerized training that targets self-esteem.
Which one of the following statements about medications during breastfeeding is false?
Trimethoprim / Sulfamethoxazole should not be taken by the mother while breastfeeding during the first month postpartum.
Which one of the following statements about medications during breastfeeding is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding local anesthetic systemic toxicity (LAST) is false?
Which one of the following statements about bacterial meningitis is false?
Mindfulness based interventions are inferior to escitalopram for the treatment of adults with anxiety disorders.
Which one of the following statements regarding the impacts of cholesterol and the use of statins in primary prevention in people over age 80 is false?
Which one of the following statements about once weekly insulin icodec vs once daily insulin degludec in adults with insulin naive type 2 diabetes is false?
In a primary prevention setting among healthy older (> 70 years old) patients with no cardiovascular disease, long-term daily low-dose aspirin treatment reduces ischemic stroke.
Which one of the following statements regarding the management of epilepsy during pregnancy and lactation is false?
Anal fissure is a potential side effect of systemic isotretinoin therapy for severe acne.
Which one of the following statements about chlamydia and gonorrhea is false?
Which one of the following statements about drug treatment of anxiety is false?
Which one of the following statements about deprescribing of benzodiazepines is false?
For treatment-resistant major depression without psychosis, ketamine is inferior to electroconvulsive therapy.
Infants exposed to one course of antenatal corticosteroids have an increased risk of serious infection during the first 12 months of life.
Oral piroxicam 40 mg co-administered with levonorgestrel improved efficacy of emergency contraception.
Vaccination for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) reduces the incidence of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease in adults ≥ 60 years old.
In women using high or medium risk hormonal contraception, concomitant use of NSAIDs for 1 week is associated with an increase in the risk of venous thromboembolic events.
Which one of the following about the treatment of Parkinson Disease is false?
Among patients with coronary artery disease, a treat-to-target LDL-C strategy as the goal is noninferior to a high-intensity statin therapy (rosuvastatin 20 mg, or atorvastatin 40 mg).
Which one of the following questions regarding primary aldosteronism is false?
Daily use of acetaminophen is significantly associated with increased systolic blood pressure.
Which one of the following statements about Bell palsy is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding oral mifepristone combined with misoprostol for first-trimester pharmaceutical induced abortion is false?
Which one of the following statements about anticholinergic drugs for overactive bladder is false?
Which one of the following statements about drugs for overactive bladder is false.
Among patients with trauma at risk of massive transfusion, there is no significant reduction of 24-hour blood product consumption after administration of 4 factor prothrombin complex concentrate.
Which one of the following statements about Group A Streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis is false?
Which one of the following statements about community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is false?
In patients with gestational diabetes Mellitus treated with metformin, neonatal birth weight is significantly lower compared to those treated with insulin.
Which one of the following statements about progestin-only oral contraceptives is false?
Which one of the following statements about combination oral contraceptives is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding the use of topical steroids in the management of eczema is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding treatment of hypothyroidism with levothyroxine is false?
Which one of the following statements about sinusitis is false?
Antidopaminergic medications are still considered the most effective pharmacotherapy for tics in Tourette Syndrome.
When switching to once weekly icodec insulin from once-daily glargine in people with long-standing type 2 diabetes on a basal-bolus regimen, which one of the following is least likely to occur?
Which one of the following statements about polyneuropathy is false?
Which one of the following statements about the timing of medication is false?
The American Academy of Sleep Medicine clinical practice guidelines for the pharmacologic treatment of insomnia in adults recommend that clinicians do not use trazodone for insomnia.
Which one of the following statements about intrauterine devices (IUDs) is false?
Hypoestrogenic women with recurrent urinary tract infection who use vaginal estrogen can expect a greater than 50% reduction in urinary tract infection frequency in the following year.
Which one of the following statements about migraine prevention is false?
Adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection who take metformin for 2 weeks are less likely than those who take placebo to later report a diagnosis of long COVID.