The rate of serious cardiovascular events among participants receiving hemodialysis was significantly lower among those who received daily supplementation with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids than among those who received placebo.
Shunting for idiopathic normal-pressure hydrocephalus improves gait velocity.
In patients with type 2 diabetes, the use of insulin is associated with an increased the risk of dementia.
A 37-year-old woman presents with recurrent headaches. The headaches occur once or twice a week. She describes them as very painful, pounding, and always on one side of the head, accompanied by sensitivity to light and sound. She is otherwise healthy and uses only ibuprofen, which provides partial relief. She has never tried other abortive medications. The headaches last 5–7 hours, improve in a dark room, and have occurred about twice a week for several years, significantly affecting her quality of life. Physical examination shows no neurological deficits or other abnormalities. You diagnose her with episodic migrane, you discuss treatment options with her. She is interested in preventive therapy.
The Glasgow Coma Scale is a valuable prognostic tool for predicting delayed neuropsychiatric sequelae in carbon monoxide poisoning.
In patients with acute ischemic stroke with salvageable brain tissue identified by perfusion imaging who do not initially receive thrombectomy, intravenous alteplase administered 4.5 to 24 hours after onset provides functional benefit.
In patients with atrial fibrillation-related stroke treated with appropriate anticoagulation, the risk of recurrent stroke remains high.
Among persons with both chronic kidney disease and type 2 diabetes, initial therapy with finerenone plus empagliflozin leads to a greater reduction in the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio than with either treatment alone.
Compared to new users of gabapentin, new users of pregabalin had higher rates of incident heart failure hospitalizations in patients aged 65 to 89 years with chronic non cancer pain and no history of heart failure.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of neuropathic pain is false?
The Sudbury vertigo risk score can identify the risk for a serious diagnosis in patients presenting with vertigo.
Which one of the following is not a risk factor for traumatic intracranial hemorrhage in patients 65 years or older presenting in the emergency department for a ground-level fall-related head injury?
Group B Streptococcus disease in infancy is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairments by five years of age.
Intensive BP-lowering initiated within several hours of intracerebral haemorrhage onset improves functional recovery.
Which one of the following statements about cervical fractures in older adults is false?
A 55-year-old female patient is at your office today complaining of recurrent episodes of left facial pain in the trigeminal nerve area over the past month. Her pain lasts up to 2 minutes and is severe in intensity. She describes the pain as electrical shock-like, shooting, stabbing, and sharp in quality. You have diagnosed her as likely having trigeminal neuralgia.
Which one of the following statements regarding calcitonin gene-related peptide receptor antagonists (gepants) in the treatment of acute migraine is false?
Which one of the following statements about triptans for the acute treatment of migraines is false?
Living within 1 to 3 miles of a golf course is associated with an increased risk of parkinson disease.
A 40 year-old female presents with concerns of an urge to move both legs at night. She experiences it at least twice a week and it causes her severe insomnia. She is otherwise healthy. You diagnose her with restless leg syndrome (RLS).
In patients with vertebrobasilar artery occlusion with moderate to severe symptoms, endovascular therapy increased the likelihood of achieving a favourable functional outcome.
A liberal transfusion threshold, targeting a hemoglobin of 9g/dL compared to a restrictive strategy targeting a hemoglobin of 7g/dL, was associated with a lower risk of unfavorable neurological outcome at 180 days in patients with acute brain injury.
Which one of the following statements about anti-amyloid therapies for Alzheimer disease is false?
Which one of the following statements about the management of sudden vision loss is false?
A 72-year-old woman presents for a general checkup. She mentions that she is bothered increasingly by shaking of her right hand and her head. It interferes with her ability to eat, drink and write. She is concerned that she may have Parkinsons disease. You make a diagnosis of essential tremor which is considered an action tremor.
Your next patient is a 19-year-old female. While cooking supper, her girlfriend witnessed the patient lose consciousness and experience a tonic-clonic generalized seizure. The ambulance brought the patient to the emergency room.
Which one of the following statements about the management of carpal tunnel syndrome is false?
Which one of the following statements about carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is false?
A 72-year-old woman presents for a general checkup. She mentions that she is bothered increasingly by shaking of her right hand and her head. It interferes with her ability to eat, drink and write. She is concerned that she may have Parkinsons disease. You make a diagnosis of essential tremor which is considered an action tremor.
Which one of the following statements about Parkinson’s disease is false?
In stroke patients, postural insoles improve static balance, gait symmetry, and spatiotemporal gait parameters compared with physical therapy alone.
Patients suffering from stroke can continue to see improvement in balance and gait with vestibular rehabilitation therapy up to 6 months after stroke onset.
In early Parkinson’s disease, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist lixisenatide results in less progression of motor disability than placebo at 12 months.
Which one of the following statements about hyperkinetic movements of the tongue is false?
Which one of the following statements about lumbar spinal stenosis is false?
There is an association between periodontitis and mild cognitive impairment.
The incidence of autism spectrum disorder is increased by prenatal exposure to topiramate.
Which one of the following statements about cavernous malformations of the central nervous system is false?
Intensive blood pressure reduction versus conservative blood pressure management following endovascular thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke due to large vessel occlusion reduces which one of the following?
Current Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) cutoff scores are appropriate for diverse populations in an urban setting.
Brexpiprazole improves agitation scores in adults with Alzheimer disease and agitated behaviors.
Your next patient is a 19-year-old female. While cooking supper, her girlfriend witnessed the patient lose consciousness and experience a tonic-clonic generalized seizure. The ambulance brought the patient to the emergency room.
Among patients with mild-to-moderate acute ischaemic stroke and systolic blood pressure between 140 mm Hg and <220 mm Hg who did not receive intravenous thrombolytic treatment, early antihypertensive treatment (day 1 to 2 vs day 8) reduces the odds of dependency or death at 90 days.
When treating patients with migraine with both IV metoclopramide 10mg and IV dexamethasone, 16 mg of dexamethasone is more effective than 4mg.
In patients with Huntington disease, engaging in advance care planning discussions does not cause untoward effects on suicidal thoughts and behaviours.
Most patients with covert brain infarctions discovered after CT of the head in the emergency department are informed of these findings.
For the treatment of posterior canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, the Semont-plus maneuver is more effective than the Epley maneuver in terms of days to recovery.
Injection of botulinum toxin into each splenius capitis muscle on day 0 and during week 12 was more effective than placebo in reducing the severity of isolated or essential head tremor at 18 weeks.
After initial benzodiazepine therapy, intravenous levetiracetam is superior to valproic acid for the management of status epilepticus.
Which one of the following therapies is not recommended for the treatment of cluster headaches?
Which one of the following statements about cluster headache is false?
Neurologic complications after cardiac surgery have been classically divided into type 1 and type 2 deficits. Type 1 deficits — stroke or transient ischemic attack related to perioperative hypoperfusion, embolization or hemorrhage — occur in about 2% of patients undergoing cardiac surgery, usually early in the perioperative period. Type 2 deficits (previously termed “pump-brain”) include more subtle neurocognitive complications such as postoperative cognitive dysfunction, delirium and mood disorders. Which one of the following statements about type 2 deficits is false?
In adult patients presenting to emergency department after transient ischaemic attack, the Canadian TIA Score outperformed the ABCD2 tool to stratify seven-day risk of stroke.
In patients with acute ischemic stroke treated with alteplase, the use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in the past seven days is associated with an increased risk of intracranial hemorrhage.
Which one of the following statements about patients with non-consensus transient ischemic attack (TIA) as compared to classic TIA is false?
Which one of the following statements about the use of medications to treat Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is false?
Peripheral nerve blocks are effective as a rapid treatment option for the treatment of primary headache disorders, which include migraine, tension headache, and cluster headaches.
Most patients with covert brain infarctions discovered after CT of the head in the emergency department are informed of these findings.
Which one of the following has been associated with a reduction in post lumbar puncture headache occurrence?
A 40 year-old female presents to your office with complaints of episodic headaches that are not responding to over-the counter ibuprofen. Headaches are accompanied by nausea and photophobia, and have caused her to miss work. She would like you to prescribe an antibiotic, as she feels these are sinus headaches, having been diagnosed with this previously when she presented to an after-hours clinic. However, you suspect a diagnosis of migraine, but there are several mimics that should be considered in the diagnosis first.
The risk of intracranial hemorrhage after a head injury for patients 65 years and older on a direct oral anticoagulant is significantly higher compared with patients not on anticoagulation.
Which one of the following statements about abdominal aortic aneurysms is false?
Advising patients under 25 years of age diagnosed with a concussion to abstain from screen time for 48 hours after injury may shorten the duration of concussion symptoms.
In patients with atrial fibrillation, direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are associated with less intracranial hemorrhage risk than vitamin K antagonists.
Among patients presenting to the emergency department, which one of the following complaints has the worst 7 day mortality?
The risk of Multiple sclerosis is significantly increased after infection with Epstein-Barr Virus.
Which one of the following approaches is most effective in treating painful diabetic neuropathy not well controlled with monotherapy?
Clinical trials support the use of the rotigotine patch for management of motor symptoms in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease without safe oral access.
Which one of the following statements about carpal tunnel syndrome is false?
For treatment of acute ischaemic stroke, use of tenecteplase results in similar functional outcomes compared to alteplase in patients presenting with acute ischaemic stroke who meet standard criteria for thrombolysis.
Which one of the following statements about Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is false?
Which one of the following statements about community-acquired bacterial meningitis in patients of 80 years and older is false?
Which one of the following statements about transient ischemic attack and minor stroke is false?
Which one of the following is a common feature of Parkinson Disease?
For patients with minor nondisabling acute ischemic stroke, 90-day functional outcome following treatment with dual antiplatelet therapy is non-inferior to intravenous alteplase.
Following acute concussion in youth aged 8-18, an early return to school may be associated with a lower symptom burden and, ultimately, faster recovery.
The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (the MIND diet) slows cognitive decline in cognitively unimpaired elderly adults with a family history of dementia.
Antibiotics should be offered for routine prophylaxis (e.g., when changing indwelling catheters) in patients with recurrent urinary tract infection and spinal cord injury.
In patients with acute ischemic stroke and large vessel occlusion, who have undergone endovascular thrombectomy, intensive blood pressure lowering during the first 24 hours after successful reperfusion should be avoided.
Which one of the following statements regarding the management of epilepsy during pregnancy and lactation is false?
Which one of the following statements about lead toxicity is false?
Which one of the following statements about Wilson’s disease is false?
Compared to usual care, an intensive exercise and functional activity therapy intervention in adults with early dementia improves activities of daily living.
Which one of the following about the treatment of Parkinson Disease is false?
Which one of the following statements about Bell palsy is false?
Remote occupational exposure to trichloroethylene in drinking water may increase the risk of Parkinson disease.
A 38-year-old female with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis attends your office with a mild fever, URTI-like symptoms, and states that she is also experiencing acute-on-chronic left hand numbness: a feature typical for her MS relapses. Nevertheless, you think it is important to distinguish MS pseudorelapses from relapses to limit unnecessary treatment.
A 30-year-old patient presents to your office. She has had migraines since adolescence. Today she asks you how to manage the headaches and what you know about the new treatments for migraine.
Endovascular treatment is efficacious for patients with ischaemic stroke caused by an anterior circulation large-vessel occlusion who presented 6–24 h from onset or last seen well, and who were selected on the basis of the presence of collateral flow on CTA.
Antidopaminergic medications are still considered the most effective pharmacotherapy for tics in Tourette Syndrome.
Which one of the following statements about polyneuropathy is false?
Which one of the following statements about migraine prevention is false?
Which one of the following statements about neonatal seizures is false?