Which one of the following statements concerning anaplasmosis is false?
Receiving the live-attenuated herpes zoster vaccine is associated with a reduced probability of a new dementia diagnosis.
Fecal microbiota transplantation is noninferior to oral vancomycin for patients with a first episode of Clostridioides difficile infection.
Routine screening for H. pylori during hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction reduces the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Starting antiretroviral therapy before pregnancy and sustaining a maternal HIV viral load of <50 copies per mL through birth was associated with zero observed risk of perinatal transmission of HIV.
Which one of the following statements about macrolide resistant mycoplasma pneumoniae in children is false?
Group B Streptococcus disease in infancy is associated with an increased risk of neurodevelopmental impairments by five years of age.
When treating patients with a UTI in the first trimester of pregnancy, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is associated with an increased risk of congenital malformation compared with treatment with a β-Lactam antibiotic.
Persons with early syphilis, including persons with HIV infection, can be effectively treated on a single occasion with benzathine penicillin G administered in a single dose of 2.4 million units.
A two-year-old child is brought to your office by their parents because of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection for the past 4 days. They are concerned that their child may have an ear infection. (Acute otitis media).
Which one of the following statements about malaria is false?
Which one of the following statements about treatment of genital warts is false?
Which one of the following statements about genital warts is false?
The FDA has approved an at-home test for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhea, and Trichomonas vaginalis for women.
For each of the following zoonotic human pathogens answer the following questions pertaining specifically to the Canadian arctic.
For each of the following zoonotic human pathogens answer the following questions pertaining specifically to the Canadian arctic.
The risk of perinatal HIV transmission from breast- or chestfeeding is very low when a parent with HIV is on antiretroviral therapy and virally suppressed.
Which one of the following statements regarding lenacapavir for human immunodeficiency virus preexposure prophylaxis is false?
The use of oral and topical antimicrobial therapy for male partners, when their female partner is treated for bacterial vaginosis, results in a significantly lower recurrence rate of bacterial vaginosis over a period of 12 weeks than the recommended practice of treating women only.
A 19-year-old patient with a history of allergic rhinitis is at your office because he is suffering facial pain over his sinuses, fever, and purulent nasal discharge with obstruction of the nasal passages for about 5-7 days. You suspect that he has acute rhinosinusitis.
Which one of the following statements about urine testing to rule out infection in patients older than 65 is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding individuals with cancer and the diagnosis of tuberculosis disease is false?
Which one of the following statements about human Strongyloidiasis is false?
Which one of the following statements about sepsis is false?
Which one of the following statements about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccination in pregnancy is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding administering nirsevimab to infants to prevent respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is false?
You have been providing prenatal care to a 30 year old woman (G1P0). She attends your office for a routine prenatal visit at 22 weeks. Her estimated date of delivery is in November. At the end of her visit she asks about the new vaccine for protecting her infant from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Which one of the following statements about highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus infections in humans is false?
Corticosteroids are strongly recommended in adults hospitalized with severe bacterial community-acquired pneumonia.
Procalcitonin testing is currently the best diagnostic test available to help guide management in febrile young infants.
Which one of the following statements regarding RSV vaccination in adults is false?
You are starting a new position at a student health centre. In preparation for your first shift, you decide to review the current recommendations for the diagnosis and management of chlamydia and gonorrhea.
For suspected female genitourinary schistosomiasis, an empiric treatment course of praziquantel in exposed serology-positive women with clinically compatible and unexplained genitourinary signs and symptoms could be beneficial.
Which one of the following statements about Listeriosis in pregnancy is false?
Among patients with suspected sepsis treated with vancomycin and no clear indication for anti-anaerobic coverage, administration of piperacillin-tazobactam is associated with higher mortality compared with cefepime.
Which one of the following statements about Mycobacterium abscessus infection is false?
Physician gestalt is superior to existing screening tools for identifying sepsis in critically ill patients presenting to the emergency department.
Syphilis-related stillbirths account for more than 10% of all stillbirths at the largest tertiary referral centre in Manitoba.
A 5-day treatment of acute febrile UTIs in children with oral amoxicillin-clavulanic acid was non-inferior to a 10-day treatment.
For negative rapid antigen detection tests for group A Streptococcus (GAS) pharyngitis in children, a confirmatory throat culture should be performed to ensure that GAS was not missed.
You are starting a new position at a student health centre. In preparation for your first shift, you decide to review the current recommendations for the diagnosis and management of chlamydia and gonorrhea.
Cantharidin is an effective treatment for molluscum contagiosum.
In patients with low to moderate risk of cardiovascular disease receiving antiretroviral therapy for HIV infection, statin therapy lowers the risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event.
Larger deficits in cognition and memory occurred in patients who had SARS-CoV-2 infection during the periods in which the original virus or the B.1.1.1.7 variant was predominant than those in later variants.
If respiratory symptoms or a known respiratory tract infection are present in a febrile infant younger than 2 months of age, a urinalysis is a necessary part of the workup.
In premenopausal women with recurrent urinary tract infections, use of a vaginal probiotic is associated with a lower incidence of recurrent episodes.
Post-exposure prophylaxis-in-pocket is an HIV prevention strategy targeted to those who have lower frequencies (i.e., 0 to 4) of higher-risk, and typically unanticipated, HIV exposures per year.
What percentage of total knee replacements last 25 years?
Punch biopsy is discouraged in the work up of pigmented skin lesions for potential melanoma.
For bone and joint infections, switching to oral antibiotics after the first seven days of IV antibiotics is inferior to IV antibiotic treatment for the first six weeks.
A glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist or SGLT2 inhibitor with demonstrated cardiovascular (CV) outcome benefit should be considered as initial add-on therapy for people with pre-existing type 2 diabetes and clinical CV disease who have not achieved target A1C on existing treatment to reduce CV risk.
Which one of the following statements about vitamin K prophylaxis in newborns is false?
In terminally ill patients with an infection and a prognosis that is anticipated to be weeks to months, there is little evidence that antimicrobials provide significant survival benefit.
Mailing human papillomavirus self-sampling kits is more effective in screening hard-to-reach women than reminder letters for Pap test screening.
In nursing homes, universal decolonization with chlorhexidine and nasal iodophor leads to a significantly lower risk of transfer to a hospital due to infection than routine care.
Which one of the following statements about cyclosporiasis is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding eye infections is false?
A 30-minute exposure to outdoor cold air (<10°C), as an adjunct to oral dexamethasone, is beneficial for reducing the intensity of clinical symptoms in children with croup.
Which one of the following statements about giardiasis is false?
A 67-year-old female has a virtual care visit today because she is worried that she may have been recently infected by COVID-19.
Three months ago, you saw a 69-year-old male with diabetes for his routine follow-up. At that time, his A1C was 7.5% and his blood pressure was normal. You notice that your secretary has left a message near your door: your patient has cancelled his visit today because he is afraid of exposing himself to COVID-19. You decide to call him during your planned visit.
COVID-19 mRNA vaccines are associated with significant reductions in sperm count in healthy males.
Treatment with tofacitinib reduces the combined outcome of death or respiratory failure in patients hospitalized with Covid-19 pneumonia who are not receiving non-invasive or invasive ventilation.
Mild cases of COVID-19 may be associated with cognitive deficits months after recovery.
Which one of the following statements about saliva PT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 infection is false?
The risk of myocarditis and pericarditis following administration of mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines is higher in males.
Compared with the standard of care or placebo, ivermectin reduces mortality in COVID patients.
Lequel des énoncés suivants sur les séquelles à long terme de la COVID-19 quatre mois après le congé de l’hôpital est faux ?
Which one of the following statements about outcomes among those discharged following an admission to hospital with covid-19 is false?
Early administration of high-titer convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 to mildly ill infected older adults reduces the progression of Covid-19.
Which one of the following statements about allergic reaction to mRNA vaccine is false?
In hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who received corticosteroid treatment, C-Reactive protein (CRP) responders (≥50% CRP level reduction) had reduced risk of death compared with risk among CRP non-responders.
Which one of the following statements about Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 is false?
Bamlanivimab, a monoclonal antibody, is authorized for use in patients who require oxygen therapy because of COVID-19.
Discontinuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for 30-days improves mortality in patients admitted to hospital with mild to moderate COVID-19.
Which one of the following statements about SARS-CoV-2 among children is false?
Increased D-dimer levels measured on hospital admission are significantly correlated with the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia.
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many national governments have, explicitly or implicitly, deemed the supply of alcohol to be essential and some have even argued that doing so prevents cases of alcohol withdrawal swamping hospitals. Which one of the following statements about the impact of alcohol on health systems or patients is false?
COVID-19 infection can be ruled out with an appropriately timed and negative polymerase chain reaction test, even if clinical suspicion is high.
Which one of the following statements about post-acute COVID-19 is false?
Patients dying of COVID-19 in nursing homes have lower symptom prevalence than those dying in hospital.
Mortality is decreased in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who do not require respiratory support and are given dexamethasone.
Inhaled budesonide improves time to recovery, with a chance of also reducing hospital admissions or deaths, in people with COVID-19 in the community who are at higher risk of complications.
Which one of the following statements about Paxlovid for treatment of COVID-19 infection is false?
Which one of the following statements about rapid diagnostic testing (RDTs) for SARS-CoV-2 is false?
There is compelling evidence to support the hypothesis that the omicron variant causes laryngotracheobronchitis.
Administration of corticosteroids during acute herpes zoster infection has been found to decrease the likelihood of postherpetic neuralgia.
Which one of the following statements about cryptosporidiosis is false?
Which one of the following statements about trichinellosis is false?
Unvaccinated individuals have an almost fourfold higher proportion of post-COVID condition diagnoses compared with those who were vaccinated before infection.
Which one of the following statements about the use of adjunctive corticosteroids for the treatment of patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia is false?
In adult patients with MRSA bacteremia or pneumonia, vancomycin minimum concentration values greater than 20mg/L are predictive of nephrotoxicity.
In patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy who have experienced serious bleeding events, untreated respiratory tract infection is associated with an increased risk of bleeding.
Which one of the following statements about hepatitis C is false?
In afebrile older men with a suspected urinary tract infection (UTI), a 14-day antibiotic course is superior to a 7-day antibiotic course.
A third dose of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) provides an additional 85% protection against detected SARSCoV-2 infection over and above the reduction in the risk conferred by the first 2 doses.
In adults having received two doses of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech) Covid-19 vaccine, there is a gradual increase in the risk of infection over time seen in those having received their second dose at least 90 days earlier.
Which one of the following statements about acute otitis media in children is false?
The increased risk of venous thromboembolism in the short time interval after a first dose of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (Astra Zeneca), is much lower than the risk associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in the same population.
Which one of the following statements about diagnosis and treatment of bronchiolitis in infants is true?
Among patients hospitalized with Covid-19 who were not receiving mechanical ventilation, transfusion of convalescent plasma with higher anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody levels was associated with a lower risk of death than transfusion of plasma with lower antibody levels.
Baricitinib plus remdesivir is superior to remdesivir alone in reducing recovery time among Covid-19 patients receiving non-invasive ventilation.
Which one of the following statements about Lyme disease is false?
Which one of the following statements about protection against reinfection after initial infection with SARS-CoV-2 is false?
In patients with suspected Lyme disease who present with erythema migrans, which antibiotic therapy is not considered first-line treatment?
The risk of syncope is higher in adolescents than in adults following COVID-19 vaccination.
MenQuadfi is the only vaccine available in Canada for use in persons ≥ 56 years old for the prevention of invasive meningococcal disease caused by Neisseria meningitides serogroups A, C, W, and Y.
Which one of the following statements about protection against SARS-CoV-2 is false?
Which one of the following statements about long-term sequelae of COVID-19 four months after hospital discharge is false?
The use of ultrashort-acting B-blockers in sepsis and septic shock with persistent tachycardia improves mortality.
Early administration of high-titer convalescent plasma against SARS-CoV-2 to mildly ill infected older adults reduces the progression of Covid-19.
Which one of the following statements about Lyme disease is false?
Which one of the following statements about Bartonella quintana is false?
Which one of the following statements about outcomes among those discharged following an admission to hospital with covid-19 is false?
In hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who received corticosteroid treatment, C-Reactive protein (CRP) responders (≥50% CRP level reduction) had reduced risk of death compared with risk among CRP non responders.
Which one of the following statements regarding Strongyloides infection and the use of immunosuppressant drugs is false?
Which one of the following statements about Paxlovid in treatment of Covid-19 is false?
Which one of the following statements about Pediatric Inflammatory Multisystem Syndrome temporally associated with COVID-19 is false?
Bamlanivimab, a monoclonal antibody, is authorized for use in patients who require oxygen therapy because of COVID-19.
Comparing early vs. late initiation of norepinephrine in patients with septic shock, each of the following is decreased except:
Which one of the following statements about trichomoniasis is false?
In non-critically ill patients with Covid-19, an initial strategy of therapeutic- dose anticoagulation with heparin increases the probability of survival to discharge with reduced use of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support as compared with usual-care thromboprophylaxis.
In patients with an initial C. difficile infection episode, treatment with fidaxomicin reduces the risk of recurrence compared to vancomycin.
There is compelling evidence to support the hypothesis that the omicron variant causes laryngotracheobronchitis.
For adults with uncomplicated acute appendicitis, treatment with seven days of oral moxifloxacin resulted in treatment success rates greater than 65%.
Which one of the following statements about cytokine storm is false?
Patients with HIV who have a history of anogenital warts have an increased risk of developing anal carcinoma.
Discontinuing angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for 30–days improves mortality in patients admitted to hospital with mild to moderate COVID–19.
Remdesivir shortens the time to recovery in adults who are hospitalized with COVID-19 and have evidence of lower respiratory tract infection.
Increased D-dimer levels measured on hospital admission are significantly correlated with the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia.
Which one of the following statements about hepatitis B in children is false?
During the COVID-19 pandemic, many national governments have, explicitly or implicitly, deemed the supply of alcohol to be essential and some have even argued that doing so prevents cases of alcohol withdrawal swamping hospitals. Which one of the following statements about the impact of alcohol on health systems or patients is false?
In healthy preterm infants, a single injection of nirsevimab results in fewer medically attended RSV-associated lower respiratory tract infections throughout the respiratory syncytial virus season.
Diabetic patients hospitalized with influenza have a > 10% risk of experiencing an acute cardiovascular event.
Which one of the following statements about SARS-CoV-2 among children is false?
Following a Mediterranean diet is associated with a decrease in night sweats.
Parents bring their 16-day old infant to your emergency room, stating the child has had a fever of 39C rectally. The child appears well. You wish to use the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) guidelines to tailor your approach.
Which one of the following statements about the management of a cutaneous abscess in the emergency department is false?
In critically ill patients with Covid-19, an initial strategy of therapeutic-dose anticoagulant results in a greater probability of survival to hospital discharge with a greater number of days free of cardiovascular or respiratory organ support than does usual-care pharmacologic thromboprophylaxis.
Which one of the following statements about Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in pregnancy is false?
Which one of the following statements about multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children is false?
A 60-year-old woman in your practice has a medical history of rheumatoid arthritis and diabetes. Her medications include an anti-tumor necrosis factor biologic. She presents with an acutely painful, warm, swollen knee and you are concerned about septic arthritis.
Shingrix significantly reduces the incidence of herpes zoster in immunocompromised adults.
The risk of Multiple sclerosis is significantly increased after infection with Epstein-Barr Virus.
In unvaccinated adults with COVID-19 infection and risk factors for disease progression, treatment with fluvoxamine reduces the risk of hospitalization compared with placebo.
Point of care ultrasound used to differentiate between cellulitis and abscess has been shown to lead to a correct change in management in greater than 10% of cases of skin and soft tissue infections in the emergency department.
Mortality is decreased in hospitalized patients with COVID-19 who do not require respiratory support and are given dexamethasone.
Compared with unvaccinated females, women who received at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine before a given menstrual cycle had a lower probability of conceiving during that cycle.
There is an increased risk for newly diagnosed diabetes >30 days after acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 among persons aged <18 years.
COVID-19 infection can be ruled out with an appropriately timed and negative polymerase chain reaction test, even if clinical suspicion is high.
Which one of the following statements about children with COVID-19 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS-C) is false?
Which one of the following statements about post-acute COVID-19 is false?
Which one of the following statements about serological testing for SARS-CoV-2 infection is false?
Patients dying of COVID-19 in nursing homes have lower symptom prevalence than those dying in hospital.
Inhaled budesonide improves time to recovery, with a chance of also reducing hospital admissions or deaths, in people with COVID-19 in the community who are at higher risk of complications.
Pasteurization of donated human milk is effective in inactivating SARS-CoV-2.
In patients with leg edema and recurrent cellulitis, compression therapy, results in a lower incidence of recurrence of cellulitis.
Which one of the following statements about rapid diagnostic testing (RDTs) for SARS-CoV-2 is false?
A 32-year-old male presents to your office for a “check-up.” At the visit, he mentions that he has just returned from a trip to “P-town” and would like to have some STI testing. As you discuss further with him, he explains that Provincetown, Massachusetts is a popular location for gay men to visit, and while there, he had a couple of new sexual partners. At your visit today, he also mentions that he met a few people using “PrEP,” and is wondering whether he, too, should be on it.
Which one of the following statements about gonorrhea is false?
Which one of the following about monkeypox infection and pregnancy is false?
Which one of the following statements about monkeypox infection is false?
A 25-year-old woman presents to your clinic with a recent fever and tender swelling and redness in her axilla. She reports she has experienced this a few times in the past associated with purulent drainage that resolved on its own. You suspect hidradenitis suppurativa (HS).
Post-exposure prophylaxis with monkeypox vaccination for recently exposed persons is recommended.
Your next patient is 28 years old and new to your family practice. He has no known medical problems and considers himself healthy. During your visit, he confirms that he has sex with other men (MSM). You question the patient’s HIV risk and after careful assessment, you consider that pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is indicated. The patient has never heard of PrEP and is unsure if it could be useful.
Which one of the following statements about chlamydial infections is false?
Which one of the following statements about post-COVID conditions among adult COVID-19 survivors is false?
For acute epididymitis in sexually active men not at risk for infection with enteric organisms, empiric treatment with a single dose of ceftriaxone plus oral doxycycline for 10 days is recommended.
Performing a membrane sweep in pregnant patients who are positive for group B streptococci has been shown to result in an increased risk of negative outcomes.
For hospitalized ward patients with COVID-19 and moderate hypoxemia, encouraging prone positioning reduces the risk of worsening respiratory failure.
Incidence rates for pulmonary embolism are significantly increased up to 110 days after COVID-19 infection.
Which one of the following statements about community-acquired bacterial meningitis in patients of 80 years and older is false?
In children with laboratory-confirmed influenza and high-risk medical conditions not admitted to the ICU, antiviral therapy was associated with significantly shorter hospitalizations if started In the first 2 days from symptom onset.
A 45-year-old female presents with a 4-month history of palpitations, shortness of breath, chest pain and fatigue. She tells you it started after an infection with COVID-19. Prior to this she was completely healthy, and she doesn’t take any regular medication. She has done lots of reading about post-COVID syndrome and believes she has postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS).
A 19-year-old female university student athlete is at your office today because she has fever, sore throat, headache, abdominal pain, and fatigue. You discover that she has tonsillar exudate, anterior cervical lymphadenopathy, posterior cervical lymphadenopathy, and splenomegaly during your physical examination. You perform a rapid antigen test to rule out streptococcal tonsillitis, which is negative. You suspect this patient has infectious mononucleosis.
Which one of the following statements about spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis is false?
In patients with COVID-19 who received mechanical ventilation and who have persistent dyspnea, dyspnea scores improve more with exercise training rehabilitation therapy than with standard physiotherapy.
When treating acne vulgaris with oral antibiotics, combination therapy with topical benzoyl peroxide is recommended.
Which one of the following Long Covid symptoms is least likely to be present in the late (180-360 days) time period after mild infection?
Among individuals who have been hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2, the estimated mean Long COVID symptom duration is 9 months.
Antibiotics should be offered for routine prophylaxis (e.g., when changing indwelling catheters) in patients with recurrent urinary tract infection and spinal cord injury.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of long COVID is false?
Autonomic dysfunction (dysautonomia) such as postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome commonly occurs in long COVID.
Epstein-Barr viremia is a risk factor for long COVID.
Which one of the following statements about ear-piercing complications in children and adolescents is false?
Which one of the following statements about the management of febrile neutropenia is false?
In non-intubated adults with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to covid-19, awake prone positioning compared with usual care results in which one of the following significantly improved outcomes?
Harms and benefits are evenly balanced for antibiotic treatment of a child with acute otitis media.
Which one of the following statements regarding SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is false?
Which one of the following statements about bacterial meningitis is false?
Which one of the following statements about community-acquired pneumonia is false?
Which one of the following statements about acute suppurative sialadenitis is false?
Vaginal swabs are more sensitive than urine assays in the diagnosis of both chlamydia and gonorrhea infections in women.
Which one of the following statements about chlamydia and gonorrhea is false?
For nonsevere community acquired pneumonia in children aged 2-59 months, a 3 to 5 day duration of antibiotics is noninferior to a longer treatment course.
Vaccination for prevention of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) reduces the incidence of RSV-associated lower respiratory tract disease in adults ≥ 60 years old.
Rifamycin-based regimens are preferred therapy for latent tuberculosis because of higher adherence rates than isoniazid regimens.
Which one of the following statements about Group A Streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis is false?
Which one of the following statements about community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is false?
Among healthy children born at term, not being infected with RSV in the first year of life was associated with a substantially reduced risk of developing childhood asthma.
Which one of the following statements about sinusitis is false?
Adults with SARS-CoV-2 infection who take metformin for 2 weeks are less likely than those who take placebo to later report a diagnosis of long COVID.
Doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis taken within 72 hours after condomless sex decreases incident gonorrhea, chlamydia, and early syphilis among men who have sex with men and transgender women who have had bacterial STI in the previous year.
The duration of symptoms for children with an acute respiratory tract infection caused by a respiratory virus is rarely greater than two weeks.