Sports Medicine

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Retrocalcaneal Bursitis

Which one of the following statements about retrocalcaneal bursitis is false?

  • It is more common in men 40 to 60 years of age with Haglund deformity and a thickened Achilles tendon.
  • The two-finger squeeze test is helpful for diagnosis.
  • Ultrasound guided corticosteroid injections provide short-term relief but increase the risk of Achilles tendon rupture within 6 months.
  • Conservative treatment is effective for the majority of patients.
Volume 41.4 - Question 13

Sever Disease

Which one of the following statements about Sever Disease is false?

  • It commonly occurs in skeletally immature competitive athletes.
  • It has a bilateral presentation in 60% of cases.
  • The calcaneal squeeze test is helpful for diagnosis.
  • Imaging is required to make a diagnosis in children.
Volume 41.4 - Question 12

Plantar Fasciitis

Which one of the following statements about plantar fasciitis is false?

  • It affects about 6% of runners and active individuals.
  • The Windlass test is more sensitive when executed in a weight bearing position.
  • A plantar fascia thickness of 4 mm or more seen on ultrasonography supports the diagnosis.
  • A regular walking program is not recommended for rehabilitation.
Volume 41.3 - Question 24

Achilles Tendon Injury

Which one of the following statements about Achilles tendon injury is false?

  • Immobilization in a cast for 4 weeks in plantar flexion is appropriate if an acute rupture is diagnosed within 72 hours.
  • The rerupture rate is less than 5% with surgical repair.
  • Tendinopathy progresses to rupture in about 10% of cases.
  • Thompson test is helpful for diagnosis.
Volume 41.3 - Question 23

Mallet Finger

Which one of the following statements regarding the management of mallet finger is false?

  • Radiography should be used to differentiate between soft-tissue and bony mallet fingers.
  • Patients with delayed (> 4 weeks) presentation to care can initially be managed with splinting.
  • After 6 weeks of continuous splinting, splints can be used only at night.
  • Return to sports is typically initiated at 8 weeks.
Volume 41.1 - Question 35

Cold-Water Immersion

The repeated use of cold-water immersion throughout a training week significantly impacted functional and swim performance outcomes of competitive adolescent swimmers.

  • True
  • False
Volume 40.1 - Question 12

Childhood and Adolescent Sports-Related Overuse Injuries

A 14-year-old male who plays competitive baseball is at your office today because he is experiencing progressively worsening, diffuse, proximal shoulder pain with throwing that resolves with rest. He is one of the star pitchers on his team; however, he is reporting a decrease in his pitching velocity and accuracy. When you examine him, you notice that he has tenderness to palpation over the lateral aspect of the proximal humerus and deficits in shoulder flexion, external rotation, and internal rotation due to pain.  
Volume 39.5 - Question 44

Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy and Tendinopathy

Extracorporeal shock wave therapy decreases pain scores in each of the following types of tendinopathy except: 

  • Plantar fasciitis 
  • Lateral epicondylitis 
  • Chronic Achilles tendinopathy 
  • Patellar tendinopathy 
Volume 39.5 - Question 27

Long Distance Running and Osteoarthritis

Which one of the following statements regarding osteoarthritis and knee/hip pain among long-distance runners is false?

  • A past history of knee injury that prevents running is a strong predictor for arthritis.
  • Older age reduces the odds of having pain.
  • Increasing weekly mileage reduces the odds of having pain.
  • The number of years running increases the risk of arthritis.
Volume 39.3 - Question 2

Plantar Fasciitis

Treatment of plantar fasciitis with botulinum toxin A therapy leads to clinically significant improvement in pain at 12 months.

  • True
  • False
Volume 37.6 - Question 30

Lateral Epicondylitis

For lateral epicondilytis, no treatment has been shown to be better than placebo in the intermediate or long term. 

  • True
  • False
Volume 36.4 - Question 18

Physical Exercise and Schizophrenia

Which one of the following statements about physical exercise in those with schizophrenia is false? 

  • Guidelines recommend achieving 90–150 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous activity per week.   
  • Supervision by exercise professionals has no effect on dropout rates.   
  • Improvements in aerobic capacity correlate with a better total score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale.    
  • Video games that require physical movement can motivate patients. 
Volume 36.4 - Question 11

Menopause and Breast Cancer

Which one of the following statements about menopausal hormone replacement therapy (MHT) and breast cancer is false?

  • In women who have had a hysterectomy, conjugated estrogen (CE) alone hormone therapy carries statistically significantly less breast cancer risk than placebo.
  • Combined CE and medroxyprogesterone (MPA) hormone therapy leads to increased risk of breast cancer death.
  • Breast cancer is a contraindication to using MHT.
  • Vaginal estrogen therapy does not increase the risk of breast cancer recurrence.
Volume 37.4 - Question 36

Non Acute ACL Tear Treatment

For patients with non-acute anterior cruciate ligament injury and persistent symptoms of instability, rehabilitation management is as effective as surgical reconstruction.    

  • True
  • False
Volume 38.1 - Question 18

Eye Injuries in Athletes

Which one of the following statements about eye injuries in athletes is false?

  • Traumatic hyphema can result in permanent vision loss.
  • Subconjunctival hemorrhage usually resolves in 7 to 10 days.
  • Athletes with subconjunctival hemorrhage should not return to the field if they have no vision changes.
  • Athletes presenting with sharp tearing pain may have a corneal abrasion.
Volume 38.4 - Question 17

Dental Injuries in Athletes

Which one of the following statements about dental injuries in athletes is false?

  • An avulsed tooth should be handled by the crown to avoid damaging the root.
  • An avulsed tooth can be transported in milk.
  • If an avulsed tooth is reimplanted, then return to play should be delayed one week.
  • Tooth reimplantation must be done as quickly as possible.
Volume 38.4 - Question 16

Head and Neck Injuries in Athletes

Which one of the following statements about the sideline management of head and neck injuries in athletes is false?

  • Any athlete not moving, whether conscious, unconscious, or with decreased consciousness, should be considered to have a cervical spine injury.
  • In sports such as hockey where the athletes are wearing helmets and pads, it is recommended to remove the equipment prior to transfer.
  • If there is altered mental status or an airway needs to be established, the face mask can be removed.
  • If a concussion is suspected, the athlete should be removed immediately from the field of play and should not return to play on the same day.
Volume 38.3 - Question 18

Facial Fractures

For possible mandibular fractures, the sideline physician should have the athlete bite down to check for malocclusion.

  • True
  • False
Volume 38.3 - Question 17

General Medical Emergencies in Athletes

Regarding general medical emergencies in athletes, which one of the following statements is false?

  • Athletes with type 1 diabetes mellitus should have predefined blood glucose levels at which it is safe to practice and compete.
  • Even mild asthma can become an on-field emergency in the setting of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction.
  • Motor movements associated with a syncopal episode often resemble a myoclonic seizure event including sudden cardiac arrest.
  • Heatstroke is not a true medical emergency.
Volume 39.2 - Question 25

Physical Activity After Total Knee Arthroplasty

A high physical activity level after total knee arthroplasty does not increase the risk of revision surgery during the first twelve years.

  • True
  • False
Volume 38.6 - Question 26

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