Which one of the following statements about obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is false?
Macrolides likely reduce severe exacerbations and improve asthma control regardless of type 2 inflammation asthma status or severity.
Polymerase chain reaction testing of nasopharyngeal secretions for the diagnosis of pertussis in adults must be done within two weeks of onset of cough.
Home Sleep Apnea Testing is recommended as an alternative option to diagnose OSA in otherwise healthy children over 5-years of age for whom access to accepted polysomnography is effectively absent.
Which one of the following statements regarding lung cancer in non-smokers is false?
In hospitalised patients with asthma exacerbation, using the blood eosinophil count to determine the duration of systemic corticosteroid therapy was non-inferior to usual care in preventing treatment failure.
For immunocompetent adults with community acquired pneumonia who are clinically stable outcomes are inferior with a 3-to-5-day course of antibiotics compared to a longer duration.
Adult patients who request treatment for primary snoring, without obstructive sleep apnea, are candidates for oral appliance treatment.
High risk of obstructive sleep apnea is significantly associated with poor mental health outcomes in middle-aged and older individuals.
Pulse oximetry derived oxygen saturation (SpO2) readings may be up to 1.5 percentage points higher for critically ill patients with darker skin tone than those with lighter skin tone.
Workplace inhalational exposure to metals is associated with an increased risk of interstitial lung disease in a similar magnitude to smoking and asbestos.
Which one of the following statements concerning glucocorticoid-induced adrenal insufficiency is false?
Which one of the following statements about the diagnosis and management of chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is false?
Which one of the following statements comparing the triple inhalers budesonide-glycopyrrolate-formoterol (Breztri) and fluticasone-umeclidinium-vilanterol (Trelegy) in COPD is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding health professionals’ decision-making when choosing which inhaler to prescribe for asthma to reduce carbon emissions is false?
Which one of the following statements about unexplained or refractory chronic cough is false?
Varenicline, combined with behavioral counseling, increases vaping abstinence in youth who vape nicotine and do not regularly smoke tobacco.
Long-term vs short term inhaled corticosteroid use for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with significantly greater rates of the composite outcome of type 2 diabetes, cataracts, pneumonia, osteoporosis, and nontraumatic fracture; recurrent pneumonia; and recurrent fracture.
Among patients with chronic severe hypoxemia at rest, long-term oxygen therapy used for 24 hours per day results in a lower risk of the composite outcome of hospitalization or death within 1 year than therapy for 15 hours per day.
Corticosteroids are strongly recommended in adults hospitalized with severe bacterial community-acquired pneumonia.
When tirzepatide is used to treat moderate-to-severe sleep apnea in adult obese patients, which one of the following is false?
Which one of the following statements regarding lung cancer among First Nations, Inuit and Métis peoples is false?
Among people with COPD at high risk of exacerbation, treatment with bisoprolol did not reduce the number of self-reported COPD exacerbations requiring treatment with oral corticosteroids, antibiotics, or both.
In patients with acute brain injury, a single (2g) ceftriaxone dose decreased the risk of early ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Which one of the following statements about chronic refractory cough is false?
Which one of the following statements about chronic cough is false?
Which one of the following statements about respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in children is false?
Prescribing dry powder inhalers and soft mist inhalers where appropriate can have an overall reduction of carbon footprint up to ten times compared to meter dosed inhalers.
Which one of the following statements about the treatment of pulmonary embolism (PE) is false?
Which one of the following statements about the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) is false?
For prevention of exacerbations in patients with mild asthma, a daily inhaled cortocosteroid and budesonide-formoterol as needed are equally effective.
Which one of the following statements about cystic fibrosis is false?
A 30-minute exposure to outdoor cold air (<10°C), as an adjunct to oral dexamethasone, is beneficial for reducing the intensity of clinical symptoms in children with croup.
A 73-year-old man presents with a history of progressive shortness of breath. You ask your nurse to perform a spirometry in the office before you see the patient. The prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator FEV1-FVC ratios are 47.8% and 50.3%, respectively. The prebronchodilator and postbronchodilator FEV1 results are 1.52 L and 1.88 L, respectively (increase of 360 mL and 24%).
Dry powder inhalers produce a smaller carbon footprint than metered dose inhalers when used for asthma maintenance therapy without loss of asthma control.
Which one of the following statements about the use of adjunctive corticosteroids for the treatment of patients hospitalized with community acquired pneumonia is false?
Point of care ultrasound assessment is more accurate than comprehensive physical examination in the detection of pleural effusions.
Which one of the following statements about diagnosis and treatment of bronchiolitis in infants is true?
Mr. ZS, a 23-year-old patient, is at your office today because he has been having problems falling asleep for the past 3 months. He reports having difficulty initiating sleep within 60 minutes after he lies down to go to bed. He also experiences frequent awakenings once he falls asleep. Sometimes he wakes up earlier than he wants to and has daytime fatigue and irritability as a consequence. This occurs about at least 3 times per week.
Patients with venous thromboembolism (VTE) who are initiated on apixaban have lower rates for recurrent VTE than those initiated on rivaroxaban.
For patients with uncontrolled asthma on inhaled corticosteroid plus long-acting inhaled β2-agonists, adding a long-acting muscarinic antagonist results in each of the following except:
Among patients admitted to hospital with community-acquired pneumonia who are clinically stable, discontinuing β-lactam treatment after 3 days was non-inferior to 8 days of treatment.
Low-dose computed tomography screening in high-risk patients is associated with a significant reduction in lung cancer-specific mortality.
Regular, low-dose, oral sustained-release morphine for four weeks improves disease-specific health status in patients with COPD.
Thunderstorm asthma epidemics result in extra demand on emergency department resources.
Reliance on pulse oximetry to triage patients and adjust supplemental oxygen levels may place Black patients at increased risk for hypoxemia.
Add-on maintenance treatment with once-monthly injections of tezepelumab can reduce exacerbations in adolescents and adults with severe uncontrolled asthma, irrespective of blood eosinophil levels.
The use of an active air cleaner for 6 months is effective in decreasing the rates of moderate exacerbations in former smokers with moderate to severe COPD.
Annual low-dose CT screening has been recommended in adults 50 to 80 years of age who have a 20 pack-year smoking history.
Which one of the following statements about sarcoidosis is false?
Concerning the management of traumatic hemothorax requiring drainage, a 14-Fr percutaneous catheter (pigtail) is as effective as a chest tube.
In nonhypotensive patients with acute symptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE), a high heart rate portends an increased risk of all-cause and PE-related mortality.
For hospitalized ward patients with COVID-19 and moderate hypoxemia, encouraging prone positioning reduces the risk of worsening respiratory failure.
For patients with COPD, virtual pulmonary rehabilitation compared to in-person pulmonary rehabilitation results in each one of the following except:
In children with laboratory-confirmed influenza and high-risk medical conditions not admitted to the ICU, antiviral therapy was associated with significantly shorter hospitalizations if started In the first 2 days from symptom onset.
In patients with COPD and type 2 diabetes, SGLT-2 inhibitors, compared to sulfonylureas, are associated with a reduced risk of severe COPD exacerbations.
A 60-year-old female in your practice presents with a 9-month history of chronic cough and intermittent shortness of breath. She says the cough is sometimes wet and sometimes dry. She has a history of mild asthma. She has been using her puffers regularly but they don’t always work well. She hasn’t presented before this because she just assumed she was getting different viruses being around her grandchildren who are in daycare. She has not had any fever, chest pain or weight loss. Her only other known medical condition is well controlled rheumatoid arthritis. She is a non-smoker. You wonder if she could have bronchiectasis.
In patients with COVID-19 who received mechanical ventilation and who have persistent dyspnea, dyspnea scores improve more with exercise training rehabilitation therapy than with standard physiotherapy.
Nicotine consumption using only e-cigarettes is associated with a lower risk of myocardial infarction compared with traditional cigarette smoking.
In non-intubated adults with hypoxemic respiratory failure due to covid-19, awake prone positioning compared with usual care results in which one of the following significantly improved outcomes?
In a pediatric patient with a mild to moderate exacerbation of asthma presenting to the emergency department, a single dose of dexamethasone is not inferior to two doses of dexamethasone.
Which one of the following statements about community-acquired pneumonia is false?
Interstitial lung disease is the most frequent pulmonary complication of Sjogren’s Syndrome.
More than 10% of all lung diseases are attributed to occupational exposures.
Varenicline is effective for increasing the vaping cessation rate in adults who use electronic cigarettes.
Which one of the following statements about right heart failure is false?
Rifamycin-based regimens are preferred therapy for latent tuberculosis because of higher adherence rates than isoniazid regimens.